Extreme heatwave in India and Pakistan causes power and water shortages

Millions sweltered in a dangerous early summer heatwave across India and Pakistan that has led to power and water shortages as annual furnace-like temperatures hit South Asia.

In New Delhi, a burning rubbish dump choked residents for a third day on Thursday as temperatures crossed 45C (113F) in parts of the region. Forecasters warn it will get even hotter this weekend.

Heatwaves have killed more than 6,500 people in India since 2010, and scientists say climate change is making them harsher and more frequent across South Asia.

“This is the first time I’ve seen such horrible weather in April. Usually, we’re prepared for this in May and onwards,” said 30-year-old Delhi housewife Somya Mehra, as she and her family thirstily searched for cold drinks.

“Today we stepped out because of our anniversary but otherwise I’m not stepping out at all. I’ve stopped sending my kid out to play.”

The Indian states of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh imposed power cuts on factories as consumption for air conditioning and fans rocketed. Media reports said power stations were also facing shortages of coal, the main source of electricity in the nation of 1.4 billion people. Many regions also reported falling water supplies that will only worsen until the annual monsoon rains in June and July. Water shortages will hit farmers hardest, including those growing wheat as India aims to boost exports to help ease a global shortage due to the war in Ukraine.

Several parts of India should expect no relief in the coming days.

“Heatwave conditions are likely to prevail over the northern plains as well as the central parts of the country throughout this week” while “severe heatwave conditions” were forecast for west Rajasthan on 1-2 May, the India Meteorological Department said on Thursday in a weather review.

Temperatures are expected to be up to 8C higher than usual in parts of Pakistan, with the mercury peaking at 48C in parts of rural Sindh on Wednesday, Pakistan’s Meteorological Society warned.

Farmers have to use water sparingly in a country where agriculture is the mainstay of the economy and accounts for about 40% of the workforce.

“Public health and agriculture in the country will face serious threats due to the extreme temperature this year,” climate change minister Sherry Rehman said.

Last month was the hottest March on record since 1961, the Pakistani met office said.

Coming during the month of Ramadan, the heat makes fasting in both India and Pakistan even tougher for Muslims, who shun even water during daylight hours.

“Temperatures are rising rapidly in the country, and rising much earlier than usual,” India’s prime minister, Narendra Modi, said on Wednesday, adding that India has seen “increasing incidents of fires in various places – in forests, important buildings and in hospitals – in the past few days”.

In New Delhi, a 60-metre-high (200ft) rubbish mountain has been ablaze since Tuesday, while firefighting teams battle it with lorry-loads of sand and mud. The inferno, belching toxic black smoke that engulfed nearby districts, was the fourth such incident at a landfill site in the megacity of 20 million people in less than a month. Pradeep Khandelwal, the former head of Delhi’s waste management, said they were likely sparked by warmer temperatures speeding up the decomposition of organic waste.

“The dry and hot weather produces excess methane gas at the dumping sites that trigger such fires,” Khandelwal told AFP.

“Before human activities increased global temperatures, we would have seen the heat that hit India earlier this month around once in 50 years,” said Mariam Zachariah, from the Grantham Institute at Imperial College London.

“But now it is a much more common event – we can expect such high temperatures about once in every four years. And until net emissions are halted, it will continue to become even more common.”